Pakistan–United States Economic Interdependence in an Era of Constrained Globalization
The economic relationship between Pakistan and United States has historically oscillated between strategic alignment and episodic disengagement, yet beneath its geopolitical fluctuations lies a persistent and structurally significant economic interdependence. In 2026, this relationship has acquired renewed relevance, not as a function of
Debt, Discipline, and the Strategic Uses of Finance: Mapping Power in the Contemporary Global Order
By Ijaz Naser The modern international system is no longer organised primarily around territorial conquest or ideological blocs. It is structured around creditworthiness, liquidity access, and the controlled circulation of risk. War, diplomacy, and development are increasingly mediated through financial architecture rather than