Fintech Expansion, Mobile Banking, and the Political Economy of Financial Inclusion in Pakistan
The rapid expansion of fintech ecosystems in Pakistan has emerged as one of the most visible yet uneven transformations in the country’s contemporary political economy. Mobile wallets, branchless banking networks, digital payment platforms, and instant transfer systems have redefined the mechanics of money
Digital Finance, Informal Economies, and the Struggle for Economic Visibility in Pakistan’s Transition to a Data-Driven Financial Order
The global economy is entering a phase where value is no longer measured solely through physical output, but increasingly through data, traceability, and digital financial footprints. In this emerging order, digital finance is not simply a technological upgrade to existing banking systems; it